Mention of Roman Ways XIVe siècle (≈ 1450)
"King's Way" identified by the population.
XVe siècle
Second lane named
Second lane named XVe siècle (≈ 1550)
"Chemin français" between Clermont and Saint-Paulien.
1885
Discovery of a statuette
Discovery of a statuette 1885 (≈ 1885)
Bronze Mercury (0.083 cm) updated.
1905
Roman burial discovered
Roman burial discovered 1905 (≈ 1905)
Funeral urn and tear vase exhumed.
20 août 2009
Registration historical monument
Registration historical monument 20 août 2009 (≈ 2009)
Partial protection of the archaeological site.
31 mai 2012
Complete classification
Complete classification 31 mai 2012 (≈ 2012)
Extension of protection to the whole.
Aujourd'hui
Aujourd'hui
Aujourd'hui Aujourd'hui (≈ 2025)
Position de référence.
Heritage classified
The archaeological site, excluding classified parts, located on the parcels of Beaulieu ZH 1, 3 to 13; AE 113 to 115 and Charbonnier-les-Mines ZA 33 to 35, 39, 42 to 51, 73, 74 76, 86, 93, 99, 101; ZB 22, 122: registration by order of 20 August 2009 - All the following parcels and the remains they contain: ZH 6, in the commune of Beaulieu; ZA 47, 50, 101, on the commune of Charbonnier-les-Mines, cf plan annexed to the decree: classification by decree of 31 May 2012
Key figures
Information non disponible - No character cited
The source text does not mention any named historical actor.
Origin and history
The archaeological site of the Croix de la Pierre, located between Charbonnier-les-Mines and Beaulieu in Puy-de-Dôme, is a remarkable Gallo-Roman ensemble. Listed as a historical monument in 2009 and classified in 2012, it bears witness to an ancient occupation, with remains known since the fourteenth century. Two Roman ways, called "Chemin du Roi" and " Chemin français", linked major cities such as Clermont-Ferrand (Auguststonemetum) to Rodez (Segodunum) or Saint Paulien (Revessio).
The site is distinguished by its complete composition: a double cella fanum, a Roman road of 700 meters, and an agglomeration with buildings organized on both sides of this road. These elements suggest a road relay function (mansio or mutatio) along the Clermont-Ferrand - Saint Paulien axis. The excavations revealed an abundance of furniture, including an incision representing the god Pan, coins (Tiberus, Nero, Vespasian, Lucius Verus, Alexander Severus), and objects such as doculist stamps or a statuette of Mercury.
Archeological discoveries, often related to winemaking, include housing foundations, a funeral urn and a tear vase (1905), as well as coins and teasses discovered in the 19th century. These remains illustrate the economic and religious importance of the site, marked by sustainable occupation and trade. The fanum, the only public building identified, reinforces the hypothesis of a place of worship and assembly.
The site, partially protected since 2009 and fully classified in 2012, covers plots spread over both municipalities. Its preservation makes it possible to study Gallo-Roman urban planning in Auvergne, as well as the road and cultural dynamics of the period. Recent research, such as that of Florian Baret or Bertrand Dousteyssier, highlights his role in the network of secondary agglomerations of the Massif Central.
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