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Chapel Notre-Dame de Kernitron à Lanmeur dans le Finistère

Patrimoine classé
Patrimoine religieux
Chapelle gothique
Finistère

Chapel Notre-Dame de Kernitron

    Rue de Kernitron
    29620 Lanmeur
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Chapelle Notre-Dame de Kernitron
Crédit photo : GO69 - Sous licence Creative Commons

Timeline

Haut Moyen Âge
Moyen Âge central
Bas Moyen Âge
Renaissance
Temps modernes
Révolution/Empire
XIXe siècle
Époque contemporaine
500
600
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
Vers 550
Legendary Foundation
Fin IXe siècle
Norman destruction
1163 et 1188
Papal Bulls
Vers 1444-1446
Gothic works
XIVe siècle
Construction of bedside
1789
Demolition of the Priory
1933-1934
Gable restoration
29 décembre 1983
MH classification
Aujourd'hui
Aujourd'hui

Heritage classified

Chapel and fence wall with entrances (Box B 916): classification by order of 29 December 1983

Key figures

Saint Sansom (ou Samson) - Bishop of Dol Legendary founder of the church around 550.
Judual - Count of Domnonee Suspected donor of the parish of Lanmeur.
Alexandre III - Pope (1159-1181) Author of a bubble confirming tithes in 1163.
Clément III - Pope (1187-1191) Confirms the 1163 bubble in 1188.

Origin and history

The chapel Notre-Dame de Kernitron, located in Lanmeur in Finistère, is a religious building dating back to the 12th century, with major changes in the 14th and 15th centuries. It presents a Latin cross plan, with a Romanesque nave arched in painted wood cradle, a transept surmounted by a square bell tower, and Gothic elements like a flamboyant rose on the west facade. Its southern porch, decorated with a tympanum representing Christ in majesty surrounded by the symbols of the Evangelists, bears witness to its artistic and spiritual importance.

According to legend, the foundation of the church would be attributed to Saint Sansom (or Samson), bishop of Dol in the sixth century, to whom Judual, Count of Domnonaeus, would have offered the parish of Lanmeur around 550. The first building, destroyed during Norman invasions at the end of the ninth century, was replaced by a building mentioned in papal bubbles of 1163 and 1188. These documents confirm the existence of an ecclesia Sanctae Mariae, probably linked to a priory dependent on the Benedictine abbey of Saint-Jacut-de-la-Mer. The current chapel preserves traces of this Romanesque period, especially in its nave and its broken arcades.

The changes of the 14th and 15th centuries marked the architectural evolution of the monument. The bedside, rectangular with a north side chapel and a south side, probably dates back to the 14th century, while elements such as the west gable porch and a sill bay, added in the mid-15th century, reflect the flamboyant Gothic style. An inscription in Gothic letters, now partially illegible, mentioned the years 1444 or 1446, indicating work at that time. The west façade, with its protruding porch and pink window, as well as the round staircase tower flanking the bell tower, illustrate this transformation phase.

After the Revolution, the buildings of the priory adjoining the chapel, described as "old buildings divided into small cells", were demolished. These buildings, located north of the church and communicating with it by two doors now walled in the transept, disappear from the landscape. In the 20th century, several restoration campaigns preserved the building: reconstruction of the North Gable in 1933-34, consolidation of the transept piles in 1936, and restoration of the nave (1985) and cross tower structures.

Classified as historical monuments by decree of 29 December 1983, the chapel Notre-Dame de Kernitron is now owned by the municipality of Lanmeur. It is distinguished by its blend of Romanesque and Gothic styles, its carved decorations (chapitals, tympanum), and its historical role as a pilgrimage site and former priory. Its fence wall, included in the classification, as well as its entrances, underline its heritage importance in the Breton religious landscape.

External links