Timeline

Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

Fort Chabrol, located in Épernay, is a former winery created by the Moët-et-Chandon house at the hinge of the 19th and 20th centuries. Designed as a research laboratory and a practical winery school, he was a key player in the fight against phylloxera, an insect pest pest in vineyards. The brothers Raoul and Gaston Chandon de Briailles were the initiators, transforming this place into a nerve centre for the reconstruction of the Champagne vineyards.

The building, completed in 1900 according to the plans of architect Ernest Piquart, combined functions of research, industrial production of transplants and teaching. Its three separate pavilions reflected their uses: metal and glass greenhouse, oenology laboratory, and grafting room. These innovations allowed the grafting of Champagne grape varieties on American rootstocks, thus preserving their characteristics while resisting phylloxera.

Between 1898 and 1925, research at Fort Chabrol facilitated the replanting of 326 hectares of vines in Champagne. The site became a symbol of collaboration between winemakers and champagne houses, forming a "sacred union" to save the vineyard. Joined historic monuments in 2012, it now bears witness to this pivotal period for regional viticulture.

Architecturally, the building is distinguished by its use of brick, glass and metal, with decorative details harmonized between exterior and interior. Protected elements include appliqués, light arms, and greenhouse stands, reflecting its dual technical and aesthetic heritage. The central pavilion, marked by a monumental curved door, contrasted with the geminous bays of the laboratory, illustrating the variety of functions of the place.

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