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Key figures

Origin and history

The synagogue of Cavaillon, built in the late Middle Ages in the 15th century, is one of the oldest in France. Authorised by the bishop in 1494, it was rebuilt between 1772 and 1774 by decision of the local Jewish community, with about 200 people. From the medieval structure, only a turret remains, possible vestige of the original staircase.

The 18th-century synagogue is distinguished by its two-level architecture: an upper room for men and a lower room for women, including a ritual bakery with an azyme bread oven and marble table. The stand (Bimah), facing the holy ark, and the suspended seat of the prophet Elijah, are rare elements, reflecting specific rites.

Disused in the 19th century, the synagogue was classified as a historical monument in 1924 and transformed into a museum in 1963. Threatened by a 20th century real estate project, it was preserved by the mobilisation of an association. The site also preserves elements of the 18th-century Jewish ghetto, such as the mikve (Ritual Bath) and the Rabbi's house.

The restoration campaigns, especially in 1988, preserved its rococo interior decor and woodwork. The work included the repair of the stone façades of Oppede, the consolidation of the frame, and the restoration of chandeliers and metal doors engraved with Hebrew inscriptions. Lighting has been adapted to evoke the original atmosphere of candles.

Today, the museum illustrates the life of the Comtadin Jews, a community marked by its geographical isolation and traditions. The synagogue, with its unique architectural layout and ritual objects, offers an exceptional testimony of Provençal Judaism under the Old Regime.

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