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Origin and history

The Pierredon Oppidum is a major archaeological site located at the top of Pierredon Hill, south of Eguilles in Bouches-du-Rhône. This fortified village Celto-ligure, dated between the third century BC and the beginning of the Gallo-Roman period, consists of houses, workshops, reserves and three ramparts reinforced by towers. Its peak occurred in the 2nd century BC, before a decline related to the Roman conquest, notably after the capture of the oppidum of Entremont in 123 BC. The site, reoccupied shortly thereafter, bears witness to the social and military organization of the protohistoric populations of Provence.

Archaeological excavations, conducted by Bernard Pouyé (1963–1967), Georges Cheylan (1970s) and Patrice Arcelin (1980–1981), revealed characteristic domestic and defensive structures. This research helped to better understand the dynamics of occupation and abandonment of the site, marked by phases of destruction and reconstruction. It is also an example of the interaction between local communities and Rome during the transition to Roman Gaul.

Pierredon's strategic location on a hill overlooking the plain reflects its defensive and economic role. Archaeological remains, including protected elements such as ramparts and houses, provide valuable insight into the architecture and lifestyle of Celto-Ligures. The site is part of a regional doppida network, including Entremont, and participates in understanding cultural and political changes in Provence before and after the Roman conquest.

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