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Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

The Vannes Cemetery, located in Brittany, houses an imposing granite calvary cross dating back to the 15th century. This monument, five metres high, is distinguished by its quadrangular base decorated with four major scenes of Christ's passion: the descent of the cross, Jesus at the tomb, the resurrection and the descent to hell. These representations, typical of medieval religious iconography, illustrate the devotion and local craftsmanship of the period.

The octagonal monolith of the cross is decorated with plant motifs, such as garlands and curved leaves, reflecting the influence of late Gothic styles. At its base, under carved pediments, are St.Catherine of Alexandria with her wheel, a saint presumed to be Saint-Patern, as well as two other unidentified saints. The capital, adorned with inflamed hearts, supports a four-leaf terminal where Christ in cross, framed by Saint John and the Virgin, is represented on one side, and on the other side, a Pietà accompanied by two ornaments.

Classified as a Historical Monument by decree of 25 January 1929, this cross-calvary (cadastral reference BZ 74) is now owned by the commune of Vannes. Its location, reported at the approximate address of Rue des Chanoines, makes it an accessible heritage element, although its precise location is considered poor (note of 5/10). This monument, in addition to its artistic value, bears witness to religious and funeral practices in Brittany at the end of the Middle Ages.

The cross, by its carved details and symbolism, probably served as a gathering point for religious ceremonies and processions. The representations of saints, such as Sainte-Catherine, often associated with wisdom and martyrdom, or Saint-Paterne, legendary evangelizer of the region, reinforce the link between this monument and local history. The altar in front of the pedestal also suggests liturgical use, perhaps for outdoor Masses or commemorations.

The available sources, including the Merimée and Monumentum base, confirm the heritage importance of this cross, while emphasizing its state of conservation and accessibility. The Creative Commons license associated with the GO69 photo allows for a wide distribution of its image, contributing to its reputation. This monument, though discreet, remains a remarkable example of the 15th century Breton funerary art.

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