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Heritage classified

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Origin and history

The remains of the Pontgibaud enclosure date from the 15th century and are part of the urban fortifications of this period. Permission to fortify the city was granted by King Charles VII in 1444, marking a desire for strategic protection in this area of Auvergne. The enclosure initially had seven towers, six of which remain today, as well as a rampart linking these defensive structures. The town gate, classified as a historic monument by decree of 12 July 1886, is one of the most emblematic elements of this fortified complex.

The nearby fortress of Château-Dauphin is closely linked to this enclosure. Built at the end of the 12th century by Robert I, a dolphin of Auvergne, it was modified in the 15th century by Gilbert III Motier de La Fayette, who strengthened his defences after a devastating earthquake in 1490. This earthquake severely damaged the castle, church and town, highlighting the strategic importance of fortifications. The enclosure, designed to protect the lower yard and homes, reflects military techniques of the time, with thick walls and watchtowers.

Over the centuries, the enclosure has undergone degradation, including water infiltration and cracks in towers, such as the Clapiers, which are currently being restored. These remains are reminiscent of Pontgibaud's central role, located in the heart of the D'Auvergne Dauphiné, and his mining and military history. The town gate, still visible on Rue du Frère Genestier, remains a concrete testimony of medieval defensive architecture and its adaptation to local needs.

The classification of the enclosure as a historical monument in 1886 preserved part of this heritage, although some elements, such as the 15th century bulwark, now threaten to collapse. Restoration efforts aim to safeguard this heritage, which illustrates both the military engineering of the time and the turbulent history of the region, marked by conflicts, earthquakes and mining.

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