Timeline

Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

The idea of a royal square and a uniform facade along the Garonne gradually emerged. In 1729, architect Jacques Gabriel proposed three projects to structure the docks. In 1731 he built the Quai de la Douane and the first facades bordering the river. This initial project, supported by intendant Claude Boucher, marks the beginning of an ambitious urban transformation, although its complete completion takes several decades.

When Boucher died, intendant Aubert de Tourny took over the project in collaboration with Ange-Jacques Gabriel, son of Jacques Gabriel. In 1748, a monumental perspective was completed, unifying the facades according to a rigorous model: a ground floor with arches in full hangar, two square floors, and an attic at the Mansard. These facades, although partially altered (disappearance of balconies or wrought iron supports), retain their original character thanks to their carved frames and lamers.

The building located in the 7 course Victor-Hugo illustrates this architectural ordinance, classified as Historic Monument since 1951 for its facade and roof. Originally designed to harmonize the river front against Place Royale (now Place de la Bourse), it embodies the urbanistic ambition of the Enlightenment in Bordeaux. The arcades on the ground floor, now partially occupied by shops, testify to the contemporary adaptation of this heritage.

Architects Jacques Gabriel and his son Ange-Jacques played a central role in the realization of this project, combining French classicism and port functionality. Their work is part of a desire to modernise Bordeaux, then in full economic growth thanks to maritime trade. The facades, despite some modifications, remain a remarkable example of stylistic unity and large-scale urban planning.

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