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Origin and history

The idea of a royal square and a uniform façade along the banks of the Garonne in Bordeaux has gradually emerged. In 1729, architect Jacques Gabriel proposed three projects, then built in 1731 the Quai de la Douane and its facades. This initial project, supported by intendant Claude Boucher, was approved in 1746 by the jurats for the creation of a first dock.

When Boucher died, intendant Aubert de Tourny took over the project with Ange-Jacques Gabriel, son of Jacques Gabriel. In 1748 they realized a homogeneous monumental perspective, extending the Place Royale (now the Place de la Bourse) towards the river. The facades, organized on the ground floor with arcades, two square floors and attic at La Mansard, are decorated with slits and sculptures.

The arcades, originally designed to unify the ensemble, now house shops, sometimes altering their integrity. Despite the disappearance of some wrought iron balconies, the facades retain their character thanks to their original frames and lamers. The building of 55 quai Richelieu, whose facade and roof have been protected since 1951, illustrates this classic architectural ordinance.

This project is part of an urban plan to modernize Bordeaux in the 18th century, combining royal prestige and port functionality. The docks, conceived as a monumental showcase, reflect the influence of the Lights on urban planning, combining aesthetics and public utility.

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