Timeline

Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

The idea of a royal square and a uniform facade along the banks of the Garonne in Bordeaux was gradually realized in the 18th century. In 1746, intendant Claude Boucher obtained the agreement of the jurats to create a first dock. In 1729, the architect Jacques Gabriel proposed three projects, including that of the Quai de la Douane, realized in 1731 with its characteristic facades. This initial project marked the beginning of a homogeneous architectural ordinance, combining ground floor with arcades, square floors and attices at the Mansard.

At the death of Boucher, intendant Aubert de Tourny launched the project with Ange-Jacques Gabriel, son of Jacques Gabriel. In 1748, the monumental prospect was completed, extending the Place Royale (now Place de la Bourse) towards the river. The facades, although partially altered (disappearance of wrought iron balconies), retain their original character thanks to their frames, larmis and carved motifs. The arcades on the ground floor, sometimes modified by shops, testify to the adaptation of heritage over time.

The building at 61 Richelieu quai, at the corner of Bir-Hakeim Square, illustrates this architectural unit. Its facade and roof, protected since 1951, reflect the heritage of Gabriel, father and son, and Tourny. The renditions, sculpted keys and stone skylights recall the delight of Bordeaux des Lumières, where urban planning served both royal prestige and flourishing port activities.

Ranked a Historic Monument, this architectural ensemble embodies the desire to modernize Bordeaux in the 18th century. The shops on the ground floor, although sometimes harmful to arcades, underline the mixed vocation of the place: symbol of power and economic space. The location along the Garonne makes it a key element of the urban landscape, between heritage and daily life.

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