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Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

The monolithic fountain of Villefranche-de-Rouergue, also called Griffoul in Occitan, was built between 1336 and 1340 in the heart of the bastide. It is designed with two superimposed basins: the first, circular, is decorated with flat crows, while the second, ten-paned, has columns and six mascarons in relief. Water, from an abundant source located on Rue Saint-Jacques, also feeds an adjacent butcher shop (mazel), thus conditioning the organisation of local activities. From its creation, the fountain becomes a hotspot for the inhabitants, never tari even in the drier summers.

In 1343, walls were erected to support the earth around the fountain, buried more than 2.5 metres deep to ensure sufficient flow. In 1362, the consuls of Villefranche financed an underground aqueduct (571 guilders) under the present Rue de la République to bring water to Aveyron. Research to locate the source, conducted in 1510 and 1758, remains unsuccessful. The fountain also structures urban life: the city is divided into four aisles (neighborhoods), including that of the fountain, and attracts attention, like that of Protestant Thomas Platters, who notes its vital role in his travel diary.

In the 19th century, the fountain underwent two major restoration campaigns. In 1833, a cost estimate of 864 francs approved by the Prefect made it possible to renovate the stone staircases (replacing a height of dirt), the inclined paving to evacuate the water, and the retaining walls. A wrought iron fence, decorated with the town coat of arms (three stars, inspired by Orléanism), is added. In 1883, a new restoration involved paving, side walls, and the installation of a ramp. Subsequent changes include moving the monument to Sergeant Bories in 1996 and recrepashing the walls in 2004. Ranked a Historic Monument in 1920, the fountain remains a symbol of the city, mixing public utility and architectural heritage.

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