Timeline

Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

The cellars of the Palais Saint-Firmin, located under the village of Gordes in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, constitute a vast troglodyte network dug in limestone. They extend over seven levels and 18 metres of elevation, incorporating vaulted rooms, underground stairs, tanks and an old seigneurial oil mill. Their origin dates back to the 12th century, with successive developments until the 18th century, linked to the extraction of stone and local needs. These spaces, initially quarries, were recouped and transformed into places of storage, production (like an oil press of the 16th century) or worship, like a chapel of the 12th and 13th centuries attached to a Benedictine priory.

The rediscovery of the cellars in 1961, by chance, revealed a forgotten heritage, partially accessible since 1999. About 40% of excavated spaces are now visitable, highlighting remains such as a 15th century Roman mill or stone-cut vats for oil and olive storage. These developments illustrate the constant adaptation of the places to the economic and daily activities of the village, marked by a harsh life in height, with few resources. The ensemble, classified as a historical monument in 1998, also includes the Hotel Saint-Firmin, whose Renaissance facade and monumental staircase complete this architectural testimony.

Access to the cellars is via a typical alleyway (calade) between the church and the Gordes viewpoint, highlighting their integration into the medieval urban fabric. Their history reflects that of the perched villages of Provence, where the extraction of stone, agriculture (olive trees) and religion have shaped a unique underground heritage. The clearing work, still under way according to the current owner (the same as in 1961), continues to reveal new elements, such as communication pieces or archaeological remains not yet accessible.

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