Timeline

Heritage classified

Key figures

Origin and history

The castle of Gy, located in the commune of the same name in Haute-Saône, is a historical monument marked by a continuous occupation of the archbishops of Besançon for nearly seven centuries. Its initial date of construction remains uncertain, but its architectural evolution reflects two major campaigns: the first in the early 16th century under François de Busleyden, and the second in the 18th century by Cardinal de Choiseul. The building, of pentagonal shape open to the south, is distinguished by a hexagonal tower in flamboyant Gothic style and two wings framed by square towers of the sixteenth century. Its history is intimately linked to the tensions between the archbishops and the city of Besançon, particularly around monetary rights and religious authority.

The castle suffered multiple destructions and reconstructions, illustrating the recurring conflicts with Besançon. In 1259 he was shaved after a siege led by local lords, leading to papal excommunication. In the 14th century, Archbishop Guillaume de Vergy beats change, causing the anger of Duke Philippe le Hardi, who was seated Gy in 1380. In the 15th century, Quentin Ménard strengthened the castle with two square towers after the destruction of the castle of Bregille by the Besançais. François de Busleyden, at the turn of the 16th century, partially rebuilt the building and transferred the archepiscopal court, marking a period of relative stability.

In the 18th century, Cardinal de Choiseul-Beaupré radically transformed the castle into a princely residence, inspired by his journeys to Europe. His work extends to the village, with a new road to Besançon. Despite major debts at his death, the castle escaped destruction during the Revolution. In the 19th century, it became a school and then a college until 1974. Ranked a historic monument in 1922 and 1991, it is now a private property, closed to the public. Its site, classified in 1913, bears witness to its artistic and historical importance.

The castle's outbuildings were auctioned, and its educational use marked nearly a century of its history. Restorations, such as the roof of the Marmet Tower in 2012, preserve a unique architectural heritage, mixing medieval heritage and classical influences. The panels and chimneys of the 17th and 18th centuries, protected by the classifications of 1991, underline the richness of its interior decor. Although not accessible, the castle remains a symbol of the struggles of power between the Church and the comtois cities.

The history of Gy Castle also reflects the social dynamics of Franche-Comté. A seigneurial and religious residence, he served as a refuge for archbishops in conflict with Besançon, while playing a defensive role for local residents. The archives mention its use as a strong house, protecting the village and neighbouring villages. The work of Cardinal de Choiseul, although costly, modernized the building according to the European standards of the time, integrating the castle into a network of prestigious ecclesiastical residences.

Today, Gy Castle embodies a military, religious and residential heritage. Its ranking among historical monuments and its protected site attest to its exceptional value. Although private, it continues to fascinate with its hybrid architecture and turbulent history, linked to the great names of the archdiocese of Besançon and the political upheavals of the region.

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