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Origin and history

The Chalets de Bizillon, also called Houses without stairs, are two identical buildings built in Saint-Étienne by architect Auguste Bossu. The first, completed in 1933 at 54 Boulevard Daguerre, was followed by a second in 1939-1940 at number 56. Their name pays tribute to a former cabaret, the Chalet de Bizillon, which once occupied the site. These buildings, each composed of 36 units spread over six floors, are distinguished by their absence of stairs and elevators, replaced by a helical ramp with a gentle slope, designed as an "inner street". The central space, illuminated by a reinforced concrete dome and glass bricks, serves as a meeting place and walk, while the facades mix circles and hexagons for a marked geometric effect.

The philosophy behind this project, promoted by Auguste Bossu, criticizes the traditional staircase, considered "barbaric" for its binding uniformity. The helical ramp allows everyone to adapt their pace, as on a sidewalk, offering innovative accessibility for the time. The ground floor, decorated with water jets and mineral compositions, reinforces the futuristic aspect of the ensemble. In 1989, the first building was listed as a historic monument for its facades, terraces, and interior space, including the ramp and the roof. He also obtained the 20th century Heritage label, highlighting its architectural importance.

The Chalets de Bizillon illustrate the audacity of the Stéphanois architecture of the 1930s, mixing functionality and modern aesthetics. Their design reflects a desire to break with traditional norms, by offering a collective habitat adapted to the varied needs of its occupants. The two buildings, 200 metres away, remain significant evidence of the urban innovation of the inter-war period, studied for their social and technical approach. Their heritage protection makes it today a reference in the history of French residential architecture.

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