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Origin and history

Puyguilhem Castle, located in Villars, Dordogne, is an emblematic example of 16th century Renaissance architecture. Built between 1513 and 1535, it combines medieval Gothic elements (such as asymmetry and chimneys) with influences of the Loire castles, reflecting the tastes of its sponsor, Mondot de La Marthonia, close to François I and Louise de Savoie. Designed to serve as a secondary residence and hunting relay, the castle is distinguished by its modest dimensions and functional layout, including a pigeon house.

The building of the castle was launched in 1513 by Pierre Mondot de La Marthonia, first president of the Parliament of Bordeaux and then of Paris, on land acquired between 1509 and 1512. Mondot, legal adviser to Louise de Savoie and administrator of the kingdom during the Italian wars, died in 1517 in obscure circumstances. The construction continues under the direction of his brother, Gaston de La Marthonia, bishop of Dax, for their nephew Geoffroy. The works were completed in two phases: the first in 1524 (foundations, angle tower, hexagonal turret), the second in 1535.

The castle remains in the family of La Marthonia before passing to the Chapt of Rastignac by marriage. Neglected in the 20th century, it was expropriated in 1938 by the State, which undertook a 20-year restoration. Since 2008, it has been run by the National Monuments Centre. Ranked a historic monument in 1912, its surroundings (wood and land) were listed in 1945. The site preserves underground remains of the former noble house of Puyguilhem, mentioned in 1464.

Architecturally, Puyguilhem illustrates the transition between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Its exterior facade evokes the royal castles of the Loire, while its irregular plan and interiors recall medieval residences. The castle, though modest, symbolizes the power and networks of influence of its sponsor, linked to the court of France. Its dovecote and its undergrounds testify to its practical use, between prestige and seigneurial life.

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