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Heritage classified

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Origin and history

The castle of Roquebrune, also named Grimaldi Castle, finds its origins at the end of the 10th century under the impulse of Conrad I, Count of Vintimille. Its construction was intended to prevent the Saracens from settling permanently in the region. Built on a tertiary poudingue rock, this dungeon, considered the oldest in France, culminates at 26 meters and incorporates complete defensive elements: mâchicoulis, murderous, and cannon burning, reflecting its initial strategic role.

Passed under the control of the Counts of Provence and then of the Republic of Genoa until 1395, the castle was then acquired by the Grimaldi family. The latter transformed the fortress in the 15th century, introducing artillery and distinguishing the dungeon (now "Château") from the surrounding medieval village, characterized by its vaulted alleys and ancient houses. The site, inhabited until 1800, was sold to local citizens before being classified as a Historic Monument in 1927.

The castle retains remarkable remains, such as a food store dug in the rock and an artillery platform offering panoramic views of the sea, Cape Martin and Monaco. Its architecture illustrates the evolution of military techniques between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, while preserving the medieval atmosphere of the adjoining village, ranked among the most picturesque in the region.

Today owned by the municipality of Roquebrune-Cap-Martin, the Grimaldi castle bears witness to nearly a thousand years of history, marked by conflicts with the Saracens, geno-proven rivalries and the lasting influence of the Grimaldi. Its dungeon, thick walls (two to four metres) and six original fortified gates make it a rare example of a military and village fortress.

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