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Heritage classified

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Origin and history

The Tower of the Provost, also known as the Provost Gate, is a fortified building integrated with the former fortifications of Thouars, in the Deux-Sèvres department. Located on Rue du Guesclin, it was one of the two main entrances to the city with the Prince of Wales Gate, protecting, among other things, northern access, vulnerable to attacks due to the adjacent plain. Its construction, begun in the 12th century, would have been carried out in two phases according to historian Jean Mesqui: an initial rectangular tower, followed by the addition of cylindrical elements of English inspiration in the 13th century. These adaptations reflect the evolution of medieval defensive techniques, combining local and foreign influences.

The tower played a key role in the military history of Thouars: it was through this door that Bertrand du Guesclin's army entered the city on 30 November 1372, allowing its attachment to the kingdom of France. Until then, the city was controlled by Amaury de Craon, a supporter of the kings of England in the context of the Hundred Years War. Although Du Guesclin's very presence on the spot is not attested, this episode marks a political turning point for the region. In the 15th century, the tower was modified with the addition of a slate roof and exterior mâchicoulis, strengthening its defensive capabilities before its gradual decline.

From the 17th century, the tower lost its military function and became a prison and then a space used by local traders. Its condition deteriorated over the centuries: in the 19th century, its roof was removed to avoid damage to neighbouring buildings, accelerating its deterioration. Ranked a historic monument in 1889, it enjoyed major restorations in the 20th century, notably in the 1960s (concrete terrace) and in 1994, where it became an open point of view to the public. Since 2025, however, it has not been accessible to visitors.

Architecturally, the Tower of the Provost combines a 12th century square base with 13th century cylindrical elements, based on massive foundations divided into three blocks. Its defensive systems included two harrows, assumers, hoards and murderers, illustrating its role as an advanced fortress. Today, it reflects the medieval military strategies and urban transformations of Thouars, between English heritage and French anchor.

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